I have previously installed Bilstein springs and shock absorbers; they are an OEM supplier. However, as Olly and Kenny have indicated, the springs originally installed on your vehicle are customized for your specific car, considering the equipment that is either present or absent. This is why dealers reference the springs using the VIN.
Historically, a 'points' system was employed to aggregate various options, assigning specific point values to equipment installed in vehicles, which subsequently determined the appropriate spring specifications. New, original springs are marked with colored paint to indicate their distinct spring rates tailored for individual automobiles.
Aftermarket springs, such as those from Bilstein and similar brands, are generic replacements that match the quality of original components; nevertheless, they do not accommodate the many choices installed in different vehicles. To some extent, you can fine-tune the vehicle by utilizing various spring pads of differing thicknesses, denoted by the number of 'bumps' on their edges. However, this adjustment will only influence the static height of the car when stationary. While aftermarket springs can achieve the same height, differing spring rates may alter the vehicle's behavior under dynamic conditions; specifically, the new springs may exhibit greater or lesser stiffness compared to the originals, resulting in varying deflection under load. Additionally, the spring rates may not be linear, as extensive engineering can be applied to allow for comfort during minor deflections, while increased compression may lead to heightened stiffness. Certain springs are specifically engineered, and typically are, to be utilized in conjunction with compatible adjustable shock absorbers; therefore, instead of merely replacing a damaged spring, it is preferable to consider a complete set of springs, spring pads, and shock absorbers to maintain uniform spring performance on both sides of the axle and ensure optimal functionality of the vehicle. The use of distinct springs on the same axle may provide significant risks, since they might respond differently under strong braking or while turning in various directions.
I cannot provide additional guidance; however, if you choose to pursue this option, consult the manufacturers' websites. Previously, I have installed aftermarket springs and shock absorbers on several of my vehicles, but I was replacing an entire set of old, corroded springs and worn shock absorbers, rather than merely a single broken spring. I was only replacing old components with new ones, not attempting to lower the vehicle or anything of that kind.
While examining Bilstein, their website offers much information; nevertheless, you will be installing generic springs instead of custom ones specifically designed for your vehicle. It is recommended to install compatible shock absorbers that are intended to function in combination with your springs.
Others may provide more guidance beyond my capacity.
As previously mentioned, considering your statement that the two springs (or possibly just the one on the opposite side) on your vehicle were replaced approximately a year ago (regardless of whether they are front or rear, the same principle applies), and assuming they were authentic M-B springs procured from a dealer specifically for your vehicle; if one spring has failed for any reason (which can occur) and you are confident that the other spring is in perfect condition, you may be able to order just a single spring from the dealer using your VIN. I would refrain from installing an aftermarket spring on one side while retaining the original spring on the other side.
Upon reviewing your message, it seems that you changed one spring last year, and now the other has malfunctioned. If such is the case, I would return to the same dealer to get an identical spring, matching the one installed last year.